LOS ANGELES - Oscar-nominated animated film "Arco" tells the story of a young boy in a future where humanity lives in harmony with nature, far from the robots and artificial intelligence shaping our present.
For first-time director Ugo Bienvenu, who drew the whole film by hand, there was never any chance he would resort to using AI.
"That's why I make science fiction," the French director told AFP. "It was to say to this generation: 'Maybe there are other paths, maybe there are other things to imagine.'"
The graphic novel illustrator says he is alarmed by society's increasing dependence on artificial intelligence, which he insists is inferior to the things it is being used to replace.
"It's like wanting to saw off your own leg just because you have a great crutch," he said.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the body that will hand out the Oscars in Hollywood on March 15, last year updated its rules to say it was neutral on the technology.
"Generative Artificial Intelligence and other digital tools... neither help nor harm the chances of achieving a nomination," it said in April.
"The Academy and each branch will judge the achievement, taking into account the degree to which a human was at the heart of the creative authorship."
The move came after a furor over the use of AI in best picture contenders "The Brutalist" -- where Adrien Brody's Hungarian accent was artificially smoothed out -- and "Dune: Part Two," in which certain characters had their eye color changed.
This season, two Oscar-eligible animated shorts openly acknowledged their use of AI, but did not get a nomination.
For Bienvenu, the reliance on AI in the creative process is dangerous because it risks allowing the imagination to wither.
"If we tell ourselves that the machine will do it for us, we never make the mistakes that allow us to access our subconscious" where true creativity lies, he said.
Bienvenu, who spoke to AFP on the sidelines of the Oscars nominees luncheon in Beverly Hills last month, said many conversations at the gathering had touched on the use of AI in filmmaking -- a key sticking point in the writers' and actors' strikes that crippled Hollywood in 2023.
"Everyone is more or less on the same page," he said. "Nobody really wants to use it."