Levels of PM2.5 pollutants, carcinogenic microparticles small enough to enter the bloodstream, reached nearly 300 micrograms per cubic metre on Friday, far exceeding the World Health Organization's recommended daily exposure limit.
Severe storms and heavy rains have killed at least 15 people, including children, across Afghanistan in the last three days, officials have said, though there have been no reported casualties in Kabul.
Police said the Tarabin raid was part of a wider operation called "New Order" aimed at "removing illegal weapons from criminal circulation, disrupting criminal activity and enforcing the law".